What is AI ( artificial intelligence)?

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. The term may also be applied to any machine that exhibits traits associated with a human mind such as learning and problem-solving.

Work of AI ,Where AI exist?

AI (artificial intelligence) you had seen or used many of website in daily life when you search a thing ,like or unlike a page or a video or a image ,buy a thing , comment in page ,etc the main working computer of that website analysis and give your purpose think as you like or need or some time you think to buy ,that computers are a basically programmed as AI . Normally AI are not talk but some high-tech AI are also talk like our daily friend google assistant and they are also talk by messages like help support in Google when you contact to help or support and you also take a answer but there was not any human that was an AI and not in Google many of site have AI for help or support.

Here are many ways to start learning AI ( artificial intelligence)

1. Online courses

2. Book ( soft copy or hard copy)

3. Programming

4. Phylosophy

5. Free content

6. Code

7. Videos

8. Learning

9. Organisation

10. Movies

Online courses

• MIT Artifical Intelligence Videos – MIT AI Course
• Intro to Artificial Intelligence – Learn the Fundamentals of AI. Course run by Peter Norvig
• EdX Artificial Intelligence – The course will introduce the basic ideas and techniques underlying the design of intelligent computer systems
• Artificial Intelligence For Robotics – This class will teach you basic methods in Artificial Intelligence, including: probabilistic inference, planning and search, localization, tracking and control, all with a focus on robotics
• Machine Learning – Basic machine learning algorithms for supervised and unsupervised learning
• Neural Networks For Machine Learning – Algorithmic and practical tricks for artifical neural networks.
• Stanford Statistical Learning – Introductory course on machine learning focusing on: linear and polynomial regression, logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis; cross-validation and the bootstrap, model selection and regularization methods (ridge and lasso); nonlinear models, splines and generalized additive models; tree-based methods, random forests and boosting; support-vector machines.
• Knowledge Based Artificial Intelligence – Georgia Tech’s course on Artificial Intelligence focussing on Symbolic AI.

Books ( here search this book in this website internet archive )

• Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach – Stuart Russell & Peter Norvig
  • Also consider browsing the list of recommended reading, divided by each chapter in “Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach”.
• Paradigms Of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp – Paradigms of AI Programming is the first text to teach advanced Common Lisp techniques in the context of building major AI systems
• Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction – This introductory textbook on reinforcement learning is targeted toward engineers and scientists in artificial intelligence, operations research, neural networks, and control systems, and we hope it will also be of interest to psychologists and neuroscientists.
• The Cambridge Handbook Of Artificial Intelligence – Written for non-specialists, it covers the discipline’s foundations, major theories, and principal research areas, plus related topics such as artificial life
• The Emotion Machine: Commonsense Thinking, Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of the Human Mind – In this mind-expanding book, scientific pioneer Marvin Minsky continues his groundbreaking research, offering a fascinating new model for how our minds work
• Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis – Beginning with elementary reactive agents, Nilsson gradually increases their cognitive horsepower to illustrate the most important and lasting ideas in AI
• On Intelligence – Hawkins develops a powerful theory of how the human brain works, explaining why computers are not intelligent and how, based on this new theory, we can finally build intelligent machines. Also audio version available from audible.com
• How To Create A Mind – Kurzweil discusses how the brain works, how the mind emerges, brain-computer interfaces, and the implications of vastly increasing the powers of our intelligence to address the world’s problems

If you want its pdf and you don’t get in archive website the please comment me to solve this issue.

Programming

• Prolog Programming For Artificial Intelligence – This best-selling guide to Prolog and Artificial Intelligence concentrates on the art of using the basic mechanisms of Prolog to solve interesting AI problems.
• AI Algorithms, Data Structures and Idioms in Prolog, Lisp and Java – PDF here
• Python Tools for Machine Learning
• Python for Artificial Intelligence

Phylosophy

• Super Intelligence – Superintelligence asks the questions: What happens when machines surpass humans in general intelligence. A really great book.
• Our Final Invention: Artificial Intelligence And The End Of The Human Era – Our Final Invention explores the perils of the heedless pursuit of advanced AI. Until now, human intelligence has had no rival. Can we coexist with beings whose intelligence dwarfs our own? And will they allow us to?
• How to Create a Mind: The Secret of Human Thought Revealed – Ray Kurzweil, director of engineering at Google, explored the process of reverse-engineering the brain to understand precisely how it works, then applies that knowledge to create vastly intelligent machines.
• Minds, Brains, And Programs – The 1980 paper by philospher John Searle that contains the famous ‘Chinese Room’ thought experiment. Probably the most famous attack on the notion of a Strong AI possessing a ‘mind’ or a ‘consciousness’, and interesting reading for those interested in the intersection of AI and philosophy of mind.

Free content

• Foundations Of Computational Agents – This book is published by Cambridge University Press, 2010
• The Quest For Artificial Intelligence – This book traces the history of the subject, from the early dreams of eighteenth-century (and earlier) pioneers to the more successful work of today’s AI engineers.
• Artificial Intelligence | Machine Learning – Andrew Ng (Notes, lectures, and problems)
• Computers and Thought: A practical Introduction to Artificial Intelligence – The book covers computer simulation of human activities, such as problem solving and natural language understanding; computer vision; AI tools and techniques; an introduction to AI programming; symbolic and neural network models of cognition; the nature of mind and intelligence; and the social implications of AI and cognitive science.
• Society of Mind – Marvin Minsky’s seminal work on how our mind works. Lot of Symbolic AI concepts have been derived from this basis.
• Artificial Intelligence and Molecular Biology – The current volume is an effort to bridge that range of exploration, from nucleotide to abstract concept, in contemporary AI/MB research.
• Brief Introduction To Educational Implications Of Artificial Intelligence – This book is designed to help preservice and inservice teachers learn about some of the educational implications of current uses of Artificial Intelligence as an aid to solving problems and accomplishing tasks.
• Encyclopedia: Computational intelligence – Scholarpedia is a peer-reviewed open-access encyclopedia written and maintained by scholarly experts from around the world.
• Ethical Artificial Intelligence – a book by Bill Hibbard that combines several peer reviewed papers and new material to analyze the issues of ethical artificial intelligence.

Code

• AIMACode – Source code for “Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach” in Common Lisp, Java, Python. More to come.
• FANN – Fast Artificial Neural Network Library, native for C

Videos

• A tutorial on Deep Learning
• Basics of Computational Reinforcement Learning
• Deep Reinforcement Learning
• Intelligent agents and paradigms for AI
• The Unreasonable Effectiveness Of Deep Learning – The Director of Facebook’s AI Research, Dr. Yann LeCun gives a talk on deep convolutional neural networks and their applications to machine learning and computer vision

Learning

• Deep Learning. Methods And Applications Free book from Microsoft Research
• Neural Networks And Deep Learning – Neural networks and deep learning currently provide the best solutions to many problems in image recognition, speech recognition, and natural language processing. This book will teach you the core concepts behind neural networks and deep learning
• Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective – This textbook offers a comprehensive and self-contained introduction to the field of machine learning, based on a unified, probabilistic approach
• Deep Learning – Yoshua Bengio, Ian Goodfellow and Aaron Courville put together this currently free (and draft version) book on deep learning. The book is kept up-to-date and covers a wide range of topics in depth (up to and including sequence-to-sequence learning).
• Getting Started with Deep Learning and Python
• Machine Learning Mastery
• Deep Learning.net – Aggregation site for DL resources
• Awesome Machine Learning – Like this Github, but ML-focused
• FastML

Organisation

• IEEE Computational Intelligence Society
• Machine Intelligence Research Institute
• OpenAI
• Association For The Advancement of Artificial Intelligence

Movies

• 2001: A Space Odyssey
• A.I. Artificial Intelligence
• Automata
• Blade Runner
• Chappie
• Ex Machina
• Her
• I, Robot
• Prometheus
• The Terminator
• Transcendence

If you are also interested in Physics and programming so please follow me or if you like this please also like .This all thing i am trying and also thing you also learn Of any problems you get please comment. Thank you…………

Hello friends today we discuss about Archimedes principal .

Who discover Archimedes principal?

The principle of buoyancy was first discovered by Greek mathematician Archimedes (c. 287–212 b.c.) and is therefore often called Archimedes‘ Principle. 

What is Archimedes principal?

Archimedes principal state that the upthrust ( upward ) force that are exerted on the body by fluid , the object which are floating on fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces . Means that when the object float on fluid it displace the volume of fluid , the fluid which displace by the volume of the object are same , and both volume ( displaced fluid and the part of object floating ) have same mass or weight .

Now this is time to talk about Formula.

1. How does Chemistry word come ?

The first modern chemist was Robert Boyle (1627-1691). Though most famous for his work with gases, Boyle was also the first to disagree with the Greek idea of four elements in his book The Skeptical Chymist, published in 1661.

Chemistry is the scientific field  involved with elements  and compound composed of atoms , molecules  and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other substance .

Fundamentally, chemistry is the study of matter and change. The way that chemists study matter and change and the types of systems that are studied varies dramatically. Traditionally, chemistry has been broken into five main subdisciplines: Organic, Analytical, Physical, Inorganic and Biochemistry etc .

In 1869 Russian chemist Dimitri Mendeleev started the development of the periodic table, arranging chemical elements by atomic mass. He predicted the discovery of other elements, and left spaces open in his periodic table for them. … J.J. Thomson (1856-1940) first discovered electrons; small negatively charged particles in an atom. Then E. Rutherford (1871-1937) give his theory or model on atoms by an experiment ( Scattering of a-partical (a=alpha) by a gold foil .) . Then Neils Bohr (1885-1962) also give his theory or model on atoms .

This is periodic table which are made by scientists like J.J. Thomson ,E. Rutherford ,and etc many more .

How does physics word come from?

This word come from Greek ἡ φύσις, which means study of nature . Physics the natural science that studies matter ,its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.   

The highlighted bolt words which are define.

1. About Matter

Everything which occupies space , have its volume and have mass is known as matter.

Atoms are building blocks of matter .

a  .Neutron ,have neutral charge and  these partical have also mass.

Mass of neutron = 1.6×10^-26kg

b . Proton ,have positive charge (+) and this partical  have also mass.

Mass of proton =1.6×10^-26kg

c . Electron , have negative charge (-)    and also have mass.

Mass of electron =9.1×10^-31 kg

Some about matter

Matter exists in various state . These include classical everyday phases such as solid liquid , and gas.

2. About  Motion

Motion is mathematically described in terms of displacement, distance, velocity, acceleration, speed, and time. 

Motion applies to various physical systems: to objects, bodies, matter particles, matter fields, radiation, radiation fields, radiation particles, curvature and space-time. One can also speak of motion of images, shapes and boundaries. So, the term motion, in general, signifies a continuous change in the positions or configuration of a physical system in space.

The main quantity that measures the motion of a body is momentum. An object’s momentum increases with the object’s mass and with its velocity. The total momentum of all objects in an isolated system (one not affected by external forces) does not change with time, as described by the law of     conservation of momentum. An object’s motion, and thus its momentum, cannot change unless a force acts on the body.

3. Energy

In 1802 lectures to the Royal Society, Thomas Young was the first to use the term “energy” in its modern sense

The capacity of doing work is known as energy . Energy is measure in Joule (j).

Common forms of energy include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object’s position in a force field (gravitational, electric or magnetic), the elastic energy stored by stretching solid objects, the chemical energy released when a fuel burns, the radiant energy carried by light, and the thermal energy due to an object’s temperature.